{"id":11918,"date":"2022-08-22T13:34:44","date_gmt":"2022-08-22T11:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/crypto50x.com\/hawk-eyed-bitcoin-tehnologija-kas-novers-dubultu-teresanu-jau-pasa-sakuma\/"},"modified":"2022-08-22T13:34:44","modified_gmt":"2022-08-22T11:34:44","slug":"hawk-eyed-bitcoin-tehnologija-kas-novers-dubultu-teresanu-jau-pasa-sakuma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/hawk-eyed-bitcoin-tehnologija-kas-novers-dubultu-teresanu-jau-pasa-sakuma\/","title":{"rendered":"“Hawk-eyed Bitcoin” tehnolo\u0123ija, kas nov\u0113r\u0161 dubultu t\u0113r\u0113\u0161anu jau pa\u0161\u0101 s\u0101kum\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ilgu laiku t\u012bri virtu\u0101las val\u016btas izveide non\u0101ca strupce\u013c\u0101, jo rad\u0101s probl\u0113mas, kas saist\u012btas ar dar\u012bjumu autonomo verifik\u0101ciju un dubultas t\u0113r\u0113\u0161anas riskiem<\/a>. Bet kop\u0161 bitcoin ien\u0101ca tirg\u016b, t\u0101 ir veikusi ien\u0101k\u0161anu jaun\u0101s teritorij\u0101s, lai tiktu pie\u0146emts k\u0101 likum\u012bgs maks\u0101\u0161anas l\u012bdzeklis Salvador\u0101 un Centr\u0101l\u0101frikas Republik\u0101. Tas tie\u0161\u0101m b\u016btu j\u0101maks\u0101 par tirgot\u0101js, lai zin\u0101tu, k\u0101 Bitcoin tehnolo\u0123isk\u0101 ekosist\u0113ma ir iz\u0101rst\u0113ta dubult\u0101- izdevumi.<\/p>\n

Dubult\u0101 t\u0113r\u0113\u0161ana pati par sevi var rad\u012bt iespaidu, ka cilv\u0113ki divreiz t\u0113r\u0113 bitcoin. J\u0101, taj\u0101 ir aprakst\u012btas situ\u0101cijas, kur\u0101s persona izmanto savus bitcoin vair\u0101k nek\u0101 vienu reizi. Atcerieties, ka dar\u012bjumi ar bitkoiniem notiek sadal\u012btaj\u0101 virsgr\u0101mat\u0101, kas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka p\u0113c tam, kad mon\u0113ta ir izt\u0113r\u0113ta, apmain\u012bta vai p\u0101rdota, atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, kas notiek, t\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161niekam vairs nevajadz\u0113tu b\u016bt pieejamai. \u012as\u0101k sakot, sist\u0113mai j\u0101sp\u0113j dz\u0113st vai nodot \u012bpa\u0161umties\u012bbas uz bitkoiniem saska\u0146\u0101 ar bitkoinu \u012bpa\u0161nieka inici\u0113tiem nor\u0101d\u012bjumiem.<\/p>\n

Snapshot par Bitcoin v\u0113sturi un darb\u012bbu<\/h2>\n

2008. gad\u0101 baltaj\u0101 gr\u0101mat\u0101 par bitcoin cilv\u0113ki tika iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ti ar vien\u0101dranga elektronisk\u0101s naudas sist\u0113mu. T\u0101p\u0113c, lai ar\u012b Bitcoin<\/a> ir kaut cik veiksm\u012bgs, katr\u0101 ekonomik\u0101 ir probl\u0113mas ar organiz\u0101cij\u0101m vai cilv\u0113kiem, kas m\u0113\u0123ina manipul\u0113t ar naudu. Viena no ba\u017e\u0101m, kas skar Bitcoin investorus, ir dubult\u0101 t\u0113r\u0113\u0161ana.<\/p>\n

Divk\u0101r\u0161a t\u0113r\u0113\u0161ana ir probl\u0113ma, kas saist\u012bta ar digit\u0101l\u0101 \u017eetona \u012bpa\u0161umties\u012bbu p\u0101rbaudi. Tas ietver divk\u0101r\u0161u kripto vien\u012bbas t\u0113r\u0113\u0161anu. \u012as\u0101k sakot, tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka var notikt gan likum\u012bgs, gan viltots dar\u012bjums. Turkl\u0101t gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja dubulta t\u0113r\u0113\u0161ana var\u0113tu veiksm\u012bgi notikt Bitcoin, tas apdraud\u0113tu visa t\u012bkla uztic\u012bbu un dro\u0161\u012bbu. Fiat val\u016btas gad\u012bjum\u0101 dubulta t\u0113r\u0113\u0161ana nav iesp\u0113jama, t\u0101p\u0113c t\u0101 nav probl\u0113ma.<\/p>\n

Dubultas t\u0113r\u0113\u0161anas p\u0101rvald\u012bb\u0101 Bitcoin ir ieviesta blok\u0137\u0113de. T\u0101 ir univers\u0101la virsgr\u0101mata, kas ir t\u0101da pati k\u0101 tradicion\u0101l\u0101 naudas naudas sist\u0113ma. T\u0101s uzdevums ir darboties k\u0101 apstiprin\u0101\u0161anas meh\u0101nismam. Kop\u0161 darb\u012bbas uzs\u0101k\u0161anas 2009. gad\u0101 bitkoini uztur hronolo\u0123iski sak\u0101rtotu, ar laika z\u012bmogu apz\u012bmogotu dar\u012bjumu re\u0123istru.<\/p>\n

K\u0101p\u0113c digit\u0101l\u0101s naudas gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir svar\u012bgi divk\u0101r\u0161ot t\u0113ri\u0146us?<\/h2>\n

K\u0101 zin\u0101ms, digit\u0101l\u0101 nauda \u013coti at\u0161\u0137iras no skaidras naudas. Digit\u0101laj\u0101 val\u016bt\u0101, veicot dar\u012bjumu, tas ir j\u0101p\u0101rraida visiem t\u012bkla mezgliem. Mezgli sa\u0146em un apstiprina dar\u012bjumus. Tom\u0113r \u0161is process prasa laiku.<\/p>\n

Digit\u0101laj\u0101 naud\u0101 ir svar\u012bgi divk\u0101r\u0161i t\u0113r\u0113t, jo tas nenotiek ar fiat val\u016btu. Piem\u0113ram, j\u016bs nevarat doties uz veikalu, lai ieg\u0101d\u0101tos preces 500 dol\u0101ru v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101, un p\u0113c tam sagaid\u012bt, ka to pa\u0161u summu var\u0113siet izmantot cit\u0101 viet\u0101. Tas nevar notikt, ja vien j\u016bs no \u0161\u012b lielveikala nenozagsiet $.<\/p>\n

Veids, k\u0101 notiek dubult\u0101s t\u0113r\u0113\u0161anas uzbrukums<\/h2>\n

Dubultie izdevumi galvenok\u0101rt notiek divos veidos – sac\u012bk\u0161u uzbrukums un 51% uzbrukums. Sacens\u012bbu uzbrukuma laik\u0101 uzbruc\u0113js nos\u016bta vien\u0101du mon\u0113tu skaitu uz vienu vai pat vair\u0101k da\u017e\u0101d\u0101m adres\u0113m. Ja tirgot\u0101js negaida apstiprin\u0101jumu, past\u0101v liela iesp\u0113ja (50 % varb\u016bt\u012bba), ka vi\u0146\u0161 vai vi\u0146a sa\u0146ems divreiz izt\u0113r\u0113to mon\u0113tu.<\/p>\n

Otrais uzbrukuma<\/a> veids ir uzbrukums 51%<\/a>, kad uzbruc\u0113js kontrol\u0113 vair\u0101k nek\u0101 51% t\u012bkla hash jaudas un notiek dubulta t\u0113r\u0113\u0161ana. He\u0161\u0113\u0161anas jauda attiecas uz skait\u013co\u0161anas jaudu, kas tiek izmantota bloku un dar\u012bjumu verifik\u0101cijai. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka uzbruc\u0113js, kas ieg\u016bst kontroli, var main\u012bt dar\u012bjumu un pat izveidot priv\u0101tu blok\u0137\u0113di. Blok\u0137\u0113de izskat\u012bsies re\u0101la, lai gan paties\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101 t\u0101da nav.<\/p>\n

Veids, k\u0101 Bitcoin apst\u0101jas dubult\u0101 t\u0113ri\u0146i<\/h2>\n

Kad tika ieviests bitkoins, \u0161\u0137ita, ka vi\u0146i ir ieguvu\u0161i \u0161\u012bs probl\u0113mas risin\u0101jumu. \u0160o probl\u0113mu var atrisin\u0101t da\u017e\u0101dos veidos, tostarp ar centr\u0101lo iest\u0101di, dar\u012bjumu atcel\u0161anas aptur\u0113\u0161anu un kr\u0101pniecisku dar\u012bjumu nov\u0113r\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

Dar\u012bjuma atcel\u0161anas aptur\u0113\u0161ana<\/h3>\n

Jau iepriek\u0161 min\u0113ju, ka 51% uzbrukums notiek tad, kad vienai vien\u012bbai ir vair\u0101k nek\u0101 50% no t\u012bkla ieguves jaudas. T\u0101p\u0113c iest\u0101de var kontrol\u0113t, kura virsgr\u0101matas versija ir likum\u012bga. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 uzbruc\u0113js var t\u0113r\u0113t mon\u0113tas vien\u0101 versij\u0101 un par samaksu sa\u0146emt preces un pakalpojumus. Alter, uzbruc\u0113js var izveidot citu virsgr\u0101matas versiju, kur\u0101 s\u0101kotn\u0113jais dar\u012bjums neeksist\u0113. Tas, atg\u016bstot maks\u0101jumu vi\u0146a \u012bpa\u0161um\u0101.<\/p>\n

Lab\u0101kais veids, k\u0101 nov\u0113rst \u0161o 51% uzbrukumu, ir nodro\u0161in\u0101t t\u012bkla decentraliz\u0101ciju. Turkl\u0101t ir j\u0101nodro\u0161ina, ka t\u012bklam ir nepiecie\u0161am\u0101 skait\u013co\u0161anas jauda, lai neb\u016btu iesp\u0113jams uzkr\u0101t vair\u0101k nek\u0101 50 % no hash \u0101truma. Lai gan ir maz ticams, ka 51% da\u013ca tiks pie\u0161\u0137irta Bitcoin, tas ir noticis maz\u0101k\u0101s mon\u0113t\u0101s.<\/p>\n

Centraliz\u0113ts risin\u0101jums<\/h3>\n

Lai nov\u0113rstu dubultu t\u0113r\u0113\u0161anu, izmantojot centraliz\u0113tu risin\u0101jumu, j\u0101iesaista uzticama iest\u0101de<\/a>. Uzticam\u0101 iest\u0101de ir atbild\u012bga par katra ieguld\u012bt\u0101ja uzskaites atlikuma glab\u0101\u0161anu sist\u0113m\u0101. Piem\u0113ram, ja s\u016bt\u0101t naudu citai personai, naudu var nos\u016bt\u012bt caur centr\u0101lo iest\u0101di, piem\u0113ram, banku. Centr\u0101l\u0101 iest\u0101de p\u0101rliecin\u0101sies, vai jums ir pietiekami daudz naudas, lai to izt\u0113r\u0113tu, un p\u0113c tam apstiprin\u0101s dar\u012bjumu.<\/p>\n

Vienlaic\u012bgu dar\u012bjumu aptur\u0113\u0161ana<\/h3>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 sakar\u0101 j\u016bs varat sev jaut\u0101t, kas notiek, ja viena un t\u0101 pati mon\u0113ta tiek nos\u016bt\u012bta diviem cilv\u0113kiem vienlaikus. Piem\u0113ram, nos\u016btot naudu div\u0101m person\u0101m, kad 505 sa\u0146em pirmo dar\u012bjuma da\u013cu, bet otrs sa\u0146em otru dar\u012bjuma da\u013cu. Risinot \u0161o probl\u0113mu, par der\u012bgu tiek uzskat\u012bts tas dar\u012bjums, kas pirmais non\u0101k virsgr\u0101mat\u0101.<\/p>\n

\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 iepriek\u0161 min\u0113to probl\u0113mu, pirms dar\u012bjuma uzskat\u012b\u0161anas par pabeigtu ieteicams sagaid\u012bt apstiprin\u0101jumu. Turkl\u0101t, lai noteiktu dar\u012bjumu sec\u012bbu, tiek izmantots konsensa meh\u0101nisms(Proof of Work<\/a>). Tie\u0161i \u0161is meh\u0101nisms apraksta noteikumus attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz personu, kas atjaunina Bitcoin dar\u012bjumu virsgr\u0101matu.<\/p>\n

\u0160is process ir svar\u012bgs, jo nav centr\u0101l\u0101s iest\u0101des. Atjaunin\u0101jumu veik\u0161anas procesu gr\u0101matved\u012bbas dar\u012bjumu re\u0123istr\u0101 d\u0113v\u0113 par Bitcoin ieguvi. T\u0101p\u0113c, kas notiek, ja ieguve notiek vienlaic\u012bgi divos dar\u012bjumos? Tas var notikt gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja diviem kalnra\u010diem izdodas atjaunin\u0101t virsgr\u0101matu vienlaic\u012bgi.<\/p>\n

Ja notiek iepriek\u0161 min\u0113tais, tad blok\u0137\u0113d\u0113 b\u016bs 2 atzari (dak\u0161a), k\u0101 ar\u012b n\u0101kamie kaltuves dar\u012bjuma bloki. T\u0101s noteiks, vai s\u0101kotn\u0113jais dar\u012bjums bija der\u012bgs. Ja vienlaic\u012bgi tiek kalti ar\u012b divi dar\u012bjumi, tad m\u0113s gaid\u0101m n\u0101kamo bloku.<\/p>\n

Kr\u0101pniecisku dar\u012bjumu nov\u0113r\u0161ana<\/h3>\n

Blok\u0137\u0113de – dar\u012bjuma re\u0123istrs Bitcoin – ir publiska, un to var apskat\u012bt jebkura persona. T\u0101pat ikviens var p\u0101rbaud\u012bt katru iepriek\u0161 veikto Bitcoin dar\u012bjumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b atlikumu. \u012as\u0101k sakot, tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja s\u016bt\u0101t naudu citai pusei, katrs dators, kur\u0101 ir dar\u012bjuma kopija, p\u0101rbaud\u012bs j\u016bsu dar\u012bjumu v\u0113sturi. T\u0101 m\u0113r\u0137is ir nodro\u0161in\u0101t, ka jums ir pietiekami daudz Bitcoin, lai tos t\u0113r\u0113tu. Ja m\u0113\u0123in\u0101siet kr\u0101pties, tad j\u016bs atkl\u0101s cilv\u0113ki daudzos mezglos, kas apstiprina dar\u012bjumus.<\/p>\n

Lietas, kas notiek gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja Bitcoin ir divreiz izt\u0113r\u0113ts<\/h2>\n

Lai to izskaidrotu, k\u0101 piem\u0113ru var izmantot automa\u0161\u012bnas ieg\u0101di. Ja v\u0113laties ieg\u0101d\u0101ties automa\u0161\u012bnu tie\u0161saist\u0113 1 BTC v\u0113rt\u012bb\u0101, veiciet maks\u0101jumu. No otras puses, ar\u012b hakeris var piek\u013c\u016bt j\u016bsu Bitcoin makam un izt\u0113r\u0113t 1BTC, lai ieg\u0101d\u0101tos citu lietu. Jums j\u0101atceras, ka abi j\u016bs izmantojat vienu un to pa\u0161u BTC. Dar\u012bjumus verific\u0113s kalnra\u010di. Tom\u0113r v\u0113l\u0101k tas tiks noraid\u012bts. Iemesls ir t\u0101ds, ka nav centr\u0101l\u0101s iest\u0101des, kas var\u0113tu zi\u0146ot par kr\u0101p\u0161anu vai iesniegt s\u016bdz\u012bbu. T\u0101p\u0113c Bitcoin vairs neb\u016bs uz visiem laikiem.<\/p>\n

P\u0101rdev\u0113ji cen\u0161as dar\u012bt visu iesp\u0113jamo, lai nodro\u0161in\u0101tu, ka vi\u0146i nep\u0101rdod cilv\u0113kiem, kuri divreiz t\u0113r\u0113 mon\u0113tas. T\u0101s to dara, nodro\u0161inot, ka jebkur\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b, kad dar\u012bjums tiek verific\u0113ts blok\u0137\u0113d\u0113, p\u0113c bloka ievad\u012b\u0161anas tas sa\u0146em apstiprin\u0101jumu. Turkl\u0101t par katru p\u0113c tam ievad\u012bto bloku tas sa\u0146em v\u0113l vienu apstiprin\u0101jumu. P\u0101rdev\u0113jiem tiek ar\u012b nor\u0101d\u012bts, ka pirms pre\u010du izlai\u0161anas ir j\u0101sagaida 6 apstiprin\u0101jumi<\/a>. Ja k\u0101ds m\u0113\u0123ina main\u012bt dar\u012bjumus, tad vi\u0146am b\u016bs j\u0101maina dar\u012bjumi 6 blokos. To sauc par “skaitliski neiesp\u0113jamu”.<\/p>\n

Otrs veids, k\u0101 notiek dubulta t\u0113r\u0113\u0161ana, ir tad, kad hakeris ieg\u016bst vair\u0101k nek\u0101 50 % kontroli p\u0101r hash likmi. Tas var notikt ar\u012b tad, ja kalnra\u010du kalnra\u010du kalnr\u016bpniec\u012bbas uz\u0146\u0113mums ieg\u016bst bloku. Tom\u0113r t\u0101 viet\u0101, lai to p\u0101rraid\u012btu Bitcoin t\u012bkl\u0101, t\u0101 tiek t\u0113r\u0113ta citur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ilgu laiku t\u012bri virtu\u0101las val\u016btas izveide non\u0101ca strupce\u013c\u0101, jo rad\u0101s probl\u0113mas, kas saist\u012btas ar dar\u012bjumu autonomo verifik\u0101ciju un dubultas t\u0113r\u0113\u0161anas riskiem. Bet kop\u0161 bitcoin ien\u0101ca tirg\u016b, t\u0101 ir veikusi ien\u0101k\u0161anu jaun\u0101s teritorij\u0101s, lai tiktu pie\u0146emts k\u0101 likum\u012bgs maks\u0101\u0161anas l\u012bdzeklis Salvador\u0101 un Centr\u0101l\u0101frikas Republik\u0101. Tas tie\u0161\u0101m b\u016btu j\u0101maks\u0101 par tirgot\u0101js, lai zin\u0101tu, k\u0101 Bitcoin tehnolo\u0123isk\u0101 ekosist\u0113ma … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[726],"tags":[211,4459,2156,7364,205,7365],"class_list":["post-11918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bitcoin-lv","tag-bitcoin-lv","tag-blokkede","tag-darba-apliecinajums","tag-dubultie-izdevumi","tag-kriptovaluta-lv","tag-sifresanas-atrums"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11918"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11918\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}