{"id":5895,"date":"2022-06-05T23:48:43","date_gmt":"2022-06-05T21:48:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/crypto50x.com\/thad-sem-thu-tharft-ad-vita-um-blockchain-taekni\/"},"modified":"2022-06-05T23:48:43","modified_gmt":"2022-06-05T21:48:43","slug":"thad-sem-thu-tharft-ad-vita-um-blockchain-taekni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/thad-sem-thu-tharft-ad-vita-um-blockchain-taekni\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dea\u00f0 sem \u00fe\u00fa \u00fearft a\u00f0 vita um Blockchain t\u00e6kni"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cryptocurrency og blockchain, sameinu\u00f0 Siamese<\/h2>\n

Dulritunargjaldmi\u00f0lar eins og bitcoin, Ethereum, dogecoin og a\u00f0rir altcoins hafa a\u00f0 mestu r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 umr\u00e6\u00f0unni um stafr\u00e6na gjaldmi\u00f0la. \u00dea\u00f0 sem er minnst tala\u00f0 um af venjulegum fj\u00e1rfestum e\u00f0a notendum dulritunargjaldmi\u00f0ils er innvi\u00f0irnir sem \u00feeir starfa \u00e1. \u00deessi tilhneiging a\u00f0 t\u00e6kni \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 tj\u00f6ldin f\u00e1i ekki n\u00e6ga athygli e\u00f0a \u00fatsendingart\u00edma er ekki skr\u00edti\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Til a\u00f0 vera hei\u00f0arlegur, blockchain t\u00e6kni kom sem leikbreyting \u00ed langri bar\u00e1ttu vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00faa til eing\u00f6ngu stafr\u00e6na gjaldmi\u00f0la. Upphaflegar tilraunir til a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 eing\u00f6ngu stafr\u00e6num gjaldmi\u00f0lum sem g\u00e6tu ekki veri\u00f0 lausir vi\u00f0 \u00e1h\u00e6ttu eins og tv\u00f6f\u00f6ld ey\u00f0sla og svik voru loftskeyta. Hins vegar, blockchain t\u00e6kni dr\u00f3 t\u00e6knilega hugvitssemi og leysti \u00feetta vandam\u00e1l sem leiddi til sk\u00f6punar bitcoin og annarra afbrig\u00f0a af dulm\u00e1li sem vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum \u00ed dag.<\/p>\n

Svo hva\u00f0 er \u00feessi margr\u00f3ma\u00f0a blockchain?<\/h2>\n

Blockchain v\u00edsar til \u00f3breytanlegrar sem og sameiginlegrar h\u00f6fu\u00f0b\u00f3kar sem eykur ferli\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 rekja og skr\u00e1 eignir<\/a> . Eign getur veri\u00f0 \u00f3efnisleg e\u00f0a \u00e1\u00fereifanleg. \u00cd grundvallaratri\u00f0um er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 versla me\u00f0 allt sem hefur gildi \u00ed blockchain netinu. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki geymir blockchain uppl\u00fdsingar \u00e1 stafr\u00e6nu formi rafr\u00e6nt.<\/p>\n

\u00cd cryptocurrency heiminum hefur blockchain gegnt mikilv\u00e6gu hlutverki. Til d\u00e6mis, \u00ed Bitcoin<\/a> , hj\u00e1lpar \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda dreif\u00f0um og \u00f6ruggum vi\u00f0skiptum. \u00dea\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0a vi\u00f0 Blockchain t\u00e6kni er a\u00f0 h\u00fan tryggir \u00f6ryggi og trygg\u00f0. S\u00e9rhver blokk sem er \u00ed ke\u00f0junni hefur \u00e1kve\u00f0inn fj\u00f6lda vi\u00f0skipta. Einnig, \u00feegar \u00fea\u00f0 er n\u00fd vi\u00f0skipti \u00ed Blockchain, er skr\u00e1 f\u00e6rslunnar b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 hverja h\u00f6fu\u00f0b\u00f3k \u00fe\u00e1tttakenda.<\/p>\n

Blockchain b\u00f3khaldi\u00f0 felur \u00ed s\u00e9r margs konar skj\u00f6l eins og v\u00f6rul\u00fdsingu, landheiti og l\u00e1n. Uppl\u00fdsingunum um st\u00f3r g\u00f6gn kann a\u00f0 vera deilt \u00ed fj\u00f6lbreyttu sannpr\u00f3funarumhverfi. \u00deetta er gott fyrir \u00f6rugga mi\u00f0lun uppl\u00fdsinga sem og raunt\u00edma.<\/p>\n

Mikilv\u00e6gi Blockchain<\/h2>\n

Blockchain er mikilv\u00e6gt fyrir \u00f6ryggi. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 n\u00fdju blokkirnar sem hafa n\u00fdjar uppl\u00fdsingar eru venjulega b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 \u00ed lok ke\u00f0junnar. S\u00e9rhver vi\u00f0b\u00f3t sem \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00e6tti a\u00f0 hafa kj\u00f6tk\u00e1ssa e\u00f0a stafr\u00e6na undirskrift. Hashi\u00f0 kemur \u00ed formi b\u00f3kstafa og t\u00f6lustafa. \u00c9g get l\u00fdst \u00fev\u00ed sem leyndum st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ik\u00f3\u00f0a. Eftir a\u00f0 upph\u00e6\u00f0 \u00ed reitnum breytist, \u00fe\u00e1 breytast undirskriftirnar l\u00edka.<\/p>\n

Anna\u00f0 gott vi\u00f0 blockchain t\u00e6kni er hvernig h\u00fan hefur dregi\u00f0 \u00far vandam\u00e1lum millili\u00f0a<\/a> . \u00deetta m\u00e1l gerir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6ki, sem og kaupmenn, spara miki\u00f0 af peningum. \u00dea\u00f0 eykur \u00fatg\u00e1fu beinna vi\u00f0skipta \u00e1 \u00f6ruggan h\u00e1tt. T\u00e6knin hefur til d\u00e6mis hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 f\u00f3lki a\u00f0 gefa peninga til \u00dakra\u00ednumanna. \u00deannig a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast m\u00e1l millili\u00f0a og peninga getur beint n\u00e1\u00f0 til vi\u00f0takenda.<\/p>\n

\u00d6fugt vi\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundna gagnagrunnst\u00e6kni dregur blockchain \u00far n\u00e6rveru mi\u00f0l\u00e6gs valds. \u00deetta hj\u00e1lpar \u00fe\u00e9r enn frekar a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast hugsanleg lagaleg vandam\u00e1l \u00feegar \u00fe\u00fa \u00e1tt vi\u00f0skipti. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00feri\u00f0ji a\u00f0ili er nota\u00f0ur eru g\u00f6gn h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 varnarleysi og \u00ed h\u00e6ttu. \u00deess vegna hafa sl\u00edk m\u00e1l veri\u00f0 mildu\u00f0 me\u00f0 blockchain \u00ed gegnum dreif\u00f0a kerfi\u00f0. Kerfi\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpar til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skr\u00e1 hverja f\u00e6rslu. A\u00f0 auki gegna b\u00e1\u00f0ir a\u00f0ilar hlutverki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sam\u00feykkja vi\u00f0skiptin \u00e1 me\u00f0an \u00feau eru einnig sj\u00e1lfkrafa fyrir b\u00e1\u00f0a a\u00f0ila \u00ed h\u00f6fu\u00f0b\u00f3kum s\u00ednum.<\/p>\n

Hlutir Blockchain t\u00e6kninnar<\/h2>\n

Fyrsti hluti blockchain t\u00e6kni er dreif\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0b\u00f3k. \u00deetta er sameiginlegi gagnagrunnurinn \u00ed blockchain netinu. \u00dea\u00f0 geymir vi\u00f0skipti eins og samn\u00fdtt skr\u00e1, sem allir li\u00f0smenn geta breytt. \u00cd samn\u00fdttu textaritlunum geta allir sem hafa ritstj\u00f3rnarr\u00e9ttindi eytt heilli skr\u00e1. \u00dev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 vera vark\u00e1r \u00fev\u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 eru strangar reglur um \u00feann sem getur breytt e\u00f0a jafnvel hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 breyta.<\/p>\n

Annar \u00fe\u00e1tturinn er dulritun me\u00f0 opinberum lyklum. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f6ryggiseiginleiki sem au\u00f0kennir \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur blockchain netkerfisins. A\u00f0 auki b\u00fdr dulm\u00e1l me\u00f0 opinberum lyklum til tvenns konar lykla fyrir netme\u00f0limi. \u00deeir eru opinberir og einkalyklar. Opinberi lykillinn er \u00ed bo\u00f0i fyrir alla me\u00f0limi netsins. Hins vegar er einkalykillinn einstakur fyrir hvern me\u00f0lim.<\/p>\n

\u00deri\u00f0ji og s\u00ed\u00f0asti hluti blockchain t\u00e6kni er snjallsamningar. Fyrirt\u00e6ki nota snjalla samninga \u00ed sj\u00e1lfst\u00fdringu vi\u00f0skiptasamninga. \u00deeir \u00feurfa ekki a\u00f0 f\u00e1 neina a\u00f0sto\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ja a\u00f0ila. A\u00f0 auki eru \u00feetta forrit sem eru geymd \u00ed blockchain kerfinu og \u00feau geta keyrt sj\u00e1lfkrafa eftir a\u00f0 hafa uppfyllt fyrirfram \u00e1kve\u00f0in skilyr\u00f0i.<\/p>\n

Tegundir Blockchain<\/h2>\n

Helstu tegundir blockchain neta fela \u00ed s\u00e9r einkaa\u00f0ila, opinbera, leyfilega og h\u00f3pa.<\/p>\n

Almenna blockchain neti\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpar til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fatr\u00fdma mi\u00f0st\u00fdringu og \u00f6ryggisg\u00f6llum<\/a> . Me\u00f0 dreif\u00f0ri h\u00f6fu\u00f0b\u00f3kart\u00e6kni er g\u00f6gnum dreift \u00ed jafningjaneti \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 vera \u00e1 einum sta\u00f0. A\u00f0 auki eru samst\u00f6\u00f0u reiknirit eins og s\u00f6nnun um vinnu (PoW) og s\u00f6nnun \u00e1 hlut notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 sannreyna \u00e1rei\u00f0anleika uppl\u00fdsinganna.<\/p>\n

Ennfremur virkar einkablokkake\u00f0jan a\u00f0allega \u00e1 loku\u00f0um netum. A\u00f0 auki virkar \u00fea\u00f0 vel fyrir einkastofnanir og fyrirt\u00e6ki. Fyrirt\u00e6ki nota t\u00e6knina til a\u00f0 s\u00e9rsn\u00ed\u00f0a heimildir s\u00ednar og a\u00f0gengisstillingar.<\/p>\n

Consortium Blockchains eru einstakar \u00fear sem \u00fe\u00e6r hafa b\u00e6\u00f0i einka- og opinbera \u00edhluti. Hins vegar, fyrir \u00fe\u00e1, stj\u00f3rna m\u00f6rg fyrirt\u00e6ki einu blockchain neti h\u00f3ps. \u00deau eru g\u00f3\u00f0 fyrir betra \u00f6ryggi og samvinnu nokkurra stofnana.<\/p>\n

A\u00f0 lokum eru leyfilegar blokkake\u00f0jur einkareknar. \u00deeir leyfa s\u00e9rstakan a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenndum a\u00f0ilum. Stofnanir setja \u00feau venjulega upp til a\u00f0 \u00feekkja b\u00e1\u00f0a heimana. Einnig eykur \u00fea\u00f0 betri uppbyggingu \u00ed tilviki \u00fear sem \u00fe\u00fa ert a\u00f0 \u00fathluta f\u00f3lki sem getur teki\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed neti sem og hvers konar vi\u00f0skiptum.<\/p>\n

Kostir Blockchain t\u00e6kni<\/h2>\n

Blockchain, sem n\u00fd t\u00e6kni, hefur s\u00edna kosti. A\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0skipti er besta \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unin sem allir kaupmenn geta teki\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 hj\u00e1lpar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera vi\u00f0skipti \u00f6ruggari og hefur auki\u00f0 \u00f6ryggi.<\/p>\n

\u00c1hrifar\u00edkari vi\u00f0skipti<\/h3>\n

Blockchain kerfi\u00f0 starfar 24\/7. \u00deetta er gott vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 gerir eignir og fj\u00e1rmagnstilf\u00e6rslur skilvirkari<\/a> . Mundu a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk um allan heim hefur anna\u00f0 t\u00edmabelti. \u00deannig a\u00f0 notkun blockchain gerir \u00feeim kleift a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6ma vi\u00f0skipti vel, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 t\u00edma. Einnig \u00fearf ekki r\u00edkisstofnun e\u00f0a banka sem vinna bara \u00e1 virkum d\u00f6gum til a\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa allt.<\/p>\n

Mikill fj\u00f6ldi n\u00e1kv\u00e6mra vi\u00f0skipta<\/h3>\n

Eins og \u00e9g sag\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0an eru blockchain vi\u00f0skipti venjulega sta\u00f0fest \u00ed gegnum fj\u00f6lbreytta hn\u00fata. \u00deetta hj\u00e1lpar til vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 draga \u00far villunni. Til d\u00e6mis, ef einhver hn\u00fatanna hefur mist\u00f6k, \u00fe\u00e1 munu a\u00f0rir \u00ed gagnagrunninum sj\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 og vita villuna.<\/p>\n

Auka \u00f6ryggi<\/h3>\n

Dreift net eins og \u00feetta gerir \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt fyrir einstakling a\u00f0 hakka inn kerfi\u00f0 e\u00f0a jafnvel framkv\u00e6ma sviksamlegar styttingar. \u00deegar \u00fe\u00fa falsar vi\u00f0skipti ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 hakka hvern hn\u00fat og jafnvel breyta hverri h\u00f6fu\u00f0b\u00f3k. A\u00f0 auki nota flestir dulritunargjaldmi\u00f0lar<\/a> , eins og Bitcoin og Ethereum, sannpr\u00f3funara\u00f0fer\u00f0ir fyrir hlut. A\u00f0fer\u00f0irnar gera \u00fea\u00f0 fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 fyrir f\u00f3lk a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 sviksamlegum vi\u00f0skiptum.<\/p>\n

Brotthvarf millili\u00f0a<\/h3>\n

\u00c1\u00f0ur hafa veri\u00f0 millili\u00f0ir og jafnvel n\u00fana eru \u00feeir enn til. Til d\u00e6mis, ef \u00fe\u00fa vilt kaupa h\u00fas \u00fearftu a\u00f0 fara \u00ed gegnum umbo\u00f0smann. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 upph\u00e6\u00f0in sem \u00fe\u00fa borgar fyrir h\u00fasi\u00f0 \u00e1 endanum ver\u00f0ur h\u00e6rri. M\u00e1li\u00f0 er \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi \u00ed blockchain. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum \u00fea\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa bara tveir a\u00f0ilar sem taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptum og ganga fr\u00e1 vi\u00f0skiptum \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 fara \u00ed gegnum millili\u00f0. Almennt get \u00e9g l\u00fdst \u00fev\u00ed sem kerfi sem hefur skila\u00f0 skilvirkni \u00ed stafr\u00e6num vi\u00f0skiptum.<\/p>\n

\u00d3kostir Blockchain<\/h2>\n

\u00dear sem blockchain notar ekki \u00feri\u00f0ja a\u00f0ila eins og stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld e\u00f0a jafnvel banka, \u00fe\u00e1 er m\u00f6guleiki \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk stundi \u00f3l\u00f6glegt ath\u00e6fi. Einnig eykur valddreifingin tr\u00fana\u00f0 og fri\u00f0helgi einkal\u00edfs sem h\u00f6f\u00f0ar til gl\u00e6pamanna. \u00dea\u00f0 er svo erfitt a\u00f0 rekja \u00f3l\u00f6gleg vi\u00f0skipti \u00ed kerfinu.<\/p>\n

Annar galli kerfisins er h\u00e1r orkukostna\u00f0ur. \u00deegar allir k\u00f3\u00f0ar eru a\u00f0 virka \u00feegar \u00fe\u00fa ert a\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa vi\u00f0skipti, \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00fa a\u00f0 nota meira rafmagn. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur meira mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00fe\u00fa notar t\u00f6flureikni e\u00f0a jafnvel einn gagnagrunn.<\/p>\n

Einnig er h\u00e6tta \u00e1 a\u00f0 eignir tapist. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 sumar eignanna eru trygg\u00f0ar me\u00f0 dulm\u00e1lslykli \u00ed blockchain veskinu. \u00de\u00fa ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta lykilsins. Annars, ef \u00fe\u00fa t\u00fdnir lyklinum, \u00fe\u00e1 er engin lei\u00f0 e\u00f0a a\u00f0 endurheimta hann. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fa munt hafa tapa\u00f0 eignum \u00fe\u00ednum.<\/p>\n

Notkun Blockchain t\u00e6kni<\/h2>\n