{"id":10036,"date":"2022-07-24T13:16:54","date_gmt":"2022-07-24T11:16:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/crypto50x.com\/stutt-um-51-aras-i-dulritunargjaldmidli\/"},"modified":"2022-07-24T13:16:54","modified_gmt":"2022-07-24T11:16:54","slug":"stutt-um-51-aras-i-dulritunargjaldmidli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/stutt-um-51-aras-i-dulritunargjaldmidli\/","title":{"rendered":"Stutt um 51% \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00ed dulritunargjaldmi\u00f0li"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>51% \u00e1r\u00e1s v\u00edsar til \u00e1r\u00e1sar \u00ed blokkake\u00f0ju <a href=\"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/dulritunargjaldmidill-afleystur\/\">dulritunargjaldmi\u00f0ils<\/a> af n\u00e1mum\u00f6nnum sem stj\u00f3rna yfir 50% af kj\u00f6tk\u00e1ssakerfi n\u00e1muvinnslu. Sem kaupma\u00f0ur sem \u00e1 yfir 50% af hn\u00fatum netsins hefur\u00f0u vald til a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna blockchain. \u00c1r\u00e1sirnar eiga s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00e1 mismunandi h\u00e1tt og einn \u00feeirra er eigandi sem kemur \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 n\u00fd vi\u00f0skipti f\u00e1i sta\u00f0festingar. \u00deetta ferli gefur f\u00f3lki m\u00f6guleika \u00e1 a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va grei\u00f0slur me\u00f0al notenda.<\/p>\n<h2>Hvernig 51% \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cd hvert skipti sem vi\u00f0skipti eiga s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00ed blockchain eru \u00feau sett \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fxempire.com\/education\/article\/51-attack-explained-the-attack-on-a-blockchain-513887\">h\u00f3p \u00f3sta\u00f0festra vi\u00f0skipta<\/a> . \u00cd sta\u00f0inn f\u00e1 n\u00e1mumenn t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 velja vi\u00f0skipti \u00far lauginni til a\u00f0 mynda vi\u00f0skiptablokk. Mundu a\u00f0 fyrir hva\u00f0a vi\u00f0skipti sem er a\u00f0 b\u00e6tast vi\u00f0 blockchain er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 f\u00e1 r\u00e9tta svari\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feraut. \u00deeir nota reiknikraft til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 r\u00e9tta svari\u00f0. \u00deess vegna, ef n\u00e1muma\u00f0ur hefur mikla reiknikraft, \u00fe\u00e1 eru miklar l\u00edkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 n\u00e1muma\u00f0urinn f\u00e1i r\u00e9tt svar. Eftir \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur n\u00e1muma\u00f0urinn leyft a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta blokk vi\u00f0 blockchain.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deegar kaupma\u00f0ur f\u00e6r r\u00e9tt svar ver\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed \u00fatvarpa\u00f0 til annarra n\u00e1muverkamanna. \u00dear a\u00f0 auki ver\u00f0a uppl\u00fdsingarnar a\u00f0eins sam\u00feykktar ef allar ger\u00f0ar vi\u00f0skipti eru gild. Gildi \u00feeirra er byggt \u00e1 n\u00faverandi skr\u00e1 \u00e1 blockchain. \u00dev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur munu spilltir n\u00e1mumenn ekki \u00fatvarpa lausnum s\u00ednum til annarra n\u00e1muverkamanna \u00e1 netinu.<\/p>\n<p>Vegna ofangreinds vandam\u00e1ls ver\u00f0a tv\u00e6r \u00fatg\u00e1fur af <a href=\"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/thad-sem-thu-tharft-ad-vita-um-blockchain-taekni\/\">blockchain<\/a> mynda\u00f0ar. Einn \u00feeirra mun vera upprunalega blockchain sem l\u00f6gm\u00e6tir n\u00e1mumenn fylgja. Hins vegar ver\u00f0ur s\u00e1 seinni nota\u00f0ur af spilltum n\u00e1muverkamanni sem sendir ekki \u00fat \u00ferautirnar \u00ed upprunalegu neti. \u00deessi n\u00e1muma\u00f0ur er s\u00e1 sem mun geta sko\u00f0a\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsingarnar.<\/p>\n<p>Spillti n\u00e1muma\u00f0urinn mun bara halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 ey\u00f0a t\u00edma og halda \u00e1fram me\u00f0 s\u00edna eigin blockchain \u00fatg\u00e1fu. \u00de\u00fa ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 muna a\u00f0 \u00feessi \u00fatg\u00e1fa er ekki send \u00fat \u00e1 restina af netinu. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00f6nnur blockchain ver\u00f0ur einangru\u00f0 fr\u00e1 netinu. \u00deannig getur spillti n\u00e1muma\u00f0urinn eytt bitcoins s\u00ednum \u00ed l\u00f6gm\u00e6tu blockchain \u00fatg\u00e1funa sem a\u00f0rir n\u00e1mumenn fylgja.<\/p>\n<h2>A\u00f0 skilja 51% \u00e1r\u00e1sina<\/h2>\n<p>Blockchain v\u00edsar til dreif\u00f0rar h\u00f6fu\u00f0b\u00f3kar sem skr\u00e1ir uppl\u00fdsingar og vi\u00f0skipti um \u00fe\u00e6r og dulk\u00f3\u00f0ar s\u00ed\u00f0an g\u00f6gnin. Netkerfi blockchain n\u00e6r meirihlutasamst\u00f6\u00f0u um vi\u00f0skipti \u00ed sta\u00f0festingarferli og blokkirnar \u00fear sem geymdar uppl\u00fdsingar eru innsigla\u00f0ar. Kubbarnir eru tengdir me\u00f0 dulritunara\u00f0fer\u00f0um. Vandam\u00e1li\u00f0 gerir \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00e1nast \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 breyta blokk eftir sta\u00f0festingu.<\/p>\n<p>51% \u00e1r\u00e1sin \u00e1 blokkake\u00f0juna \u00e1 s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00feegar h\u00f3pur stj\u00f3rnar yfir 50% af hassvaldinu. H\u00f3purinn kynnir s\u00ed\u00f0an breytta blockchain \u00e1 netinu \u00e1 einhverjum t\u00edmapunkti. \u00dea\u00f0 er gert \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edmapunkti sem er sam\u00feykkt af netinu \u00fear sem miklar l\u00edkur eru \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e1r\u00e1sarmenn vinni \u00fe\u00e1 flesta.<\/p>\n<p>F\u00f3lki\u00f0 sem ber \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 51% \u00e1r\u00e1sinni getur gert eftirfarandi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u00f0 baka vi\u00f0skiptum \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feeir geti tv\u00f6falda\u00f0 ey\u00f0slu mynt<\/li>\n<li>A\u00f0 undanskildum n\u00fdjum f\u00e6rslum fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera skr\u00e1\u00f0<\/li>\n<li>Koma \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 a\u00f0rir n\u00e1muverkamenn sem eru \u00ed sama neti geti unni\u00f0 t\u00e1kn e\u00f0a mynt \u00e1 netinu<\/li>\n<li>Koma \u00ed veg fyrir sta\u00f0festingu e\u00f0a sta\u00f0festingu vi\u00f0skipta<\/li>\n<li>Breyting \u00e1 r\u00f6\u00f0un vi\u00f0skipta<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Gallar \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isstj\u00f3rnarl\u00edkani Nakamoto<\/h2>\n<p>Fyrsta blockchain til a\u00f0 nota Proof of Work (PoW) samst\u00f6\u00f0ukerfi\u00f0 er Bitcoin. \u00dea\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 vi\u00f0 sta\u00f0festingu vi\u00f0skipta. \u00cd hv\u00edtb\u00f3k Satoshi Nakamoto l\u00fdsti hann \u00fev\u00ed yfir a\u00f0 til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda heilindum og \u00f6ryggi \u00ed blockchain \u00e6ttu n\u00e1mumenn e\u00f0a hei\u00f0arlegir hn\u00fatar sameiginlega a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna meira afli Central Processing Unit (CPU) samanbori\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ra samvinnuh\u00f3pa \u00e1r\u00e1sarhn\u00fata.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00f0al\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jumpstartmag.com\/51-attacks-on-blockchains\/\">Nakamoto \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0i Bitcoin var vegna and\u00fa\u00f0ar og gremju fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnana<\/a> eftir fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppuna miklu. Sem stendur er Bitcoin vins\u00e6lasti dulritunarma\u00f0urinn. Marka\u00f0svir\u00f0i \u00feess er um 190 milljar\u00f0ar dollara. Hann gaf einnig r\u00e1\u00f0 til a\u00f0 leysa tv\u00f6falda ey\u00f0slu. Hann telur a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 e\u00f0lisl\u00e6gt vandam\u00e1l \u00ed jafningja-til-jafningi stafr\u00e6na gjaldmi\u00f0lakerfinu. \u00deannig hanna\u00f0i hann blockchain v\u00e9lb\u00fana\u00f0inn og nota\u00f0i jafnvel PoW sem samst\u00f6\u00f0ukerfi.<\/p>\n<p>Tilefni Nakamoto var a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a stafr\u00e6nan gjaldmi\u00f0il sem er ekki stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 af fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lastofnunum. Eins og er, starfa \u00feessar stofnanir sem endursko\u00f0endur og hli\u00f0ver\u00f0ir fiat gjaldmi\u00f0la. \u00deess vegna, til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 f\u00e1ir einstaklingar stj\u00f3rni gjaldeyri og taki vi\u00f0 v\u00f6ldum, kynnti hann blockchain t\u00e6kni. \u00deetta var eina l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega lei\u00f0in til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda vi\u00f0skiptaskr\u00e1nni.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dat fr\u00e1 hugmynd sinni ger\u00f0i hann r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 illgjarnir notendur myndu ekki n\u00e1 meirihlutastj\u00f3rn yfir kj\u00f6tk\u00e1ssahlutfallinu. Namakoto taldi einnig a\u00f0 flestir n\u00e1muverkamennirnir yr\u00f0u hei\u00f0arlegir. \u00cd gegnum \u00feetta myndu blockchain og gjaldmi\u00f0illinn \u00feola \u00e1r\u00e1sir. \u00dev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i hann rangt fyrir s\u00e9r eftir allt saman. 51% \u00e1r\u00e1sirnar eru a\u00f0 hrj\u00e1 litlu blokkake\u00f0jurnar og jafnvel \u00f3gna afkomu \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n<h2>Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir 51% \u00e1r\u00e1sina<\/h2>\n<p>Stofnun e\u00f0a f\u00f3lki\u00f0 sem hefur um 51% hashing v\u00f6ld eru \u00feau sem geta stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 \u00feessari \u00e1r\u00e1s. Besta lei\u00f0in til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eigi s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 er a\u00f0 leyfa ekki einni einingu a\u00f0 vera \u00f6flugri. \u00deannig er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 auka valddreifingu n\u00e1muverkamanna sem og \u00f6fluga blockchain.<\/p>\n<p>Blockchain <a href=\"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/er-bitcoin-god-cryptocurrency-fjarfesting\/\">Bitcoin<\/a> er mj\u00f6g traust. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf nokkra peninga fyrir einstakling e\u00f0a stofnun til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 51% Bitcoin n\u00e1muafli. \u00dea\u00f0 er skynsamlegra a\u00f0 nota \u00feetta vald fj\u00e1rhagslega og jafnvel n\u00e1mu Bitcoin me\u00f0 l\u00f6gm\u00e6tum h\u00e6tti. Vegna \u00feessa eru litlar l\u00edkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 upplifa BTC tv\u00f6falda ey\u00f0slu\u00e1r\u00e1s.<\/p>\n<h2>Listi yfir 51% \u00e1r\u00e1sir sem hafa \u00e1tt s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00ed fort\u00ed\u00f0inni<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Vertcoin skr\u00e1\u00f0i um 4 \u00e1r\u00e1sir \u00e1 neti\u00f0 sitt \u00e1ri\u00f0 2018. Tilefni\u00f0 er hins vegar \u00f3lj\u00f3st.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1ri\u00f0 2018 var\u00f0 Bitcoin Gold fyrir yfir 18 millj\u00f3na dala tapi vegna 51% \u00e1r\u00e1sar<\/li>\n<li>A Verge 51% \u00ed apr\u00edl 2018 leiddi til taps \u00e1 20 millj\u00f3num mynta<\/li>\n<li>\u00cd ma\u00ed 2018 var \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 Bitcoin Cash. Sem betur fer var\u00f0 ekkert tap.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c1r\u00e1sarmenn eyddu um \u00fea\u00f0 bil <a href=\"https:\/\/balancingeverything.com\/51-attack-faqs\/\">1,1 millj\u00f3n dala af Ethereum Classic \u00ed einni ETC 51% \u00e1r\u00e1s<\/a> \u00ed jan\u00faar 2019. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 dulm\u00e1li\u00f0 hafi misst tr\u00faver\u00f0ugleika sinn \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma t\u00f3kst honum a\u00f0 jafna sig.<\/li>\n<li>Tv\u00f6f\u00f6ld ey\u00f0sla yfir $ 70.000 \u00e1 Bitcoin Gold \u00e1ri\u00f0 2020<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Verndun gegn s\u00f6nnun um vinnu<\/h2>\n<p>Jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 a\u00f0fer\u00f0irnar s\u00e9u ekki a\u00f0 fullu sanna\u00f0ar, getur eftirfarandi veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 til a\u00f0 gera \u00e1r\u00e1sirnar erfi\u00f0ar. Fyrsta t\u00e6knin er a\u00f0 flytja yfir \u00ed Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS). \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 DPoS notar mismunandi fulltr\u00faa sem breytast me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa hverja n\u00fdja blokk. \u00cd DPoS blockchain \u00feurfa 51% \u00e1r\u00e1sarmanna a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna fulltr\u00faa og kj\u00f6tk\u00e1ssahlutfalli. \u00deetta gerir \u00fea\u00f0 erfi\u00f0ara a\u00f0 upplifa \u00e1r\u00e1s af hva\u00f0a formi sem er. \u00deess vegna, til a\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarka \u00e1h\u00e6ttu, getur f\u00f3lk flutt fr\u00e1 <a href=\"http:\/\/crypto50x.com\/know-what-proof-of-work-means-in-cryptocurrency\/\">PoW<\/a> til DPoS til a\u00f0 l\u00e1gmarka \u00e1h\u00e6ttu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6nnur lei\u00f0 er a\u00f0 nota Modified Exponential Subjective Scoring (MESS) fyrir hverja samhli\u00f0a endurskipulagningarke\u00f0ju sem kemur inn \u00e1 neti\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 fyrir alla hn\u00fata \u00e1 netinu \u00feegar \u00feeir sj\u00e1 hugsanlega endurskipulagningu, munu \u00feeir bera \u00fea\u00f0 saman vi\u00f0 n\u00faverandi ke\u00f0ju fr\u00e1 klofningspunkti. Einnig krefst ge\u00f0\u00fe\u00f3tta meira magn af vinnu fyrir framt\u00ed\u00f0ar endurskipulagningarke\u00f0ju.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deyngdaraflsmagni\u00f0 er hverfandi \u00ed fyrstu reorgblokkunum. \u00dea\u00f0 eykst hins vegar \u00feegar um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a endurskipulagningu \u00e1 fleiri blokkum. Vegna \u00feessa getur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 d\u00fdrt fyrir \u00e1r\u00e1sarmenn a\u00f0 endurskipuleggja margar blokkir \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 vera \u00f3d\u00fdrt \u00e1n MESS. \u00deess vegna getur MESS veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 til a\u00f0 greina endurskipulagningu blokka vi\u00f0 \u00fathlutun stiga. \u00deetta er til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 traust endurskipulagningarinnar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>51% \u00e1r\u00e1s v\u00edsar til \u00e1r\u00e1sar \u00ed blokkake\u00f0ju dulritunargjaldmi\u00f0ils af n\u00e1mum\u00f6nnum sem stj\u00f3rna yfir 50% af kj\u00f6tk\u00e1ssakerfi n\u00e1muvinnslu. Sem kaupma\u00f0ur sem \u00e1 yfir 50% af hn\u00fatum netsins hefur\u00f0u vald til a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna blockchain. \u00c1r\u00e1sirnar eiga s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 \u00e1 mismunandi h\u00e1tt og einn \u00feeirra er eigandi sem kemur \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 n\u00fd vi\u00f0skipti f\u00e1i sta\u00f0festingar. \u00deetta &#8230; <a title=\"Stutt um 51% \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00ed dulritunargjaldmi\u00f0li\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/stutt-um-51-aras-i-dulritunargjaldmidli\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Stutt um 51% \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00ed dulritunargjaldmi\u00f0li\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9862,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[895],"tags":[5202,4447,360,5205,2118],"class_list":["post-10036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blockchain-taekni","tag-51-aras","tag-blockchain-is","tag-dulmalsgjaldmidill","tag-namuvinnslu","tag-sonnun-um-vinnu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10036\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/crypto50x.com\/is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}